Soul vs Spirit in the New Testament: What Do Psyche and Pneuma Really Mean? | Ask NT Wright Anything
Tom (NT) Wright
7.34
21 May 2026
24 May 2026
In this clip from Ask NT Wright Anything, Tom Wright responds to a question about one of the most subtle issues in New Testament language: the difference between psyche (soul/life) and pneuma (spirit).
Kyle C from Austin asks whether Paul’s use of “spirit” refers to an inner human self similar to the modern idea of a “soul,” or whether something different is going on in passages like Ephesians 3:16.
Tom explains how Paul carefully avoids importing Greek philosophical ideas of a detachable “soul,” instead using the language of the “inner person” to describe human identity at its deepest level. He explores how pneuma can refer both to God’s Spirit and to the human spirit, and how these are brought into intimate relationship in Paul’s theology.
Drawing on passages from Ephesians, Romans, 1 Corinthians, and the Psalms, Tom shows how the New Testament vision is not about escaping the body, but about God’s Spirit dwelling within and transforming the whole person—so that human beings become more fully themselves in union with Christ.
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